Motor-spirit.



TENT F ICE.

ROD/[0L0 DE FAZI, OF HOME, ITALY.

MOTUIt-SPIHIT.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, Bottom on FAZI, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Rome, Italy, gentleman, (whose post-oflice address is Via Consulta No. 60,) have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Motor-Spirit, of which the following is a specification.

This present invention concerns a process for the production of oils for internal combustion engines, by which process the distillation products of crude oil (petroleum) and of shale oil are made available for the said purpose, by the application of a special method which causes them to enter into homogeneous combination with light hydrocarbons, such as gasolene or similar products. Various mixtures, composed of the aforesaid original materials, have been proposed in the past, but these, as well as numerous other mixtures, proposed for application to the same purpose, suffer froml'; the disadvantage that their combustion or explosion will notproceed uniformly after ignition, but that the more volatile components will explode first, while the less volatile constituents will either not be consumed at all, or only incompletely, thereby causing the separation of carbon and the consequent fouling of the engine by such carbon and such other components as have not-been consumed by combustion. In this connection it has been discovered that this defect can be and the product thus obtained will burn uniformly and completely, exactly as if it consisted of a single constituent. This constitutes a wholly unforeseen result, the more. so because the required quantity of light,

aromatic hydrocarbons 1s comparatively small. The products thus obtained afford the further advantage that they produce a materially greater eflect than the'various kinds of benzene commonly used as material for the operation of internal combustion engines.

Although prior propos tions have also Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 31, 1912.

Patented Aug. 25 1914.

Serial N0. 728,780.

been made to add aromatic hydrocarbons, and more particularly toluol, in the production of mixtures of shale oil distillates and s m lar substances with light oils, the ad dition of toluol was merely proposed for the purpose of using it as a solvent for the naphthalene which was likewise to be added. Such a mixture, however, cannot possibly produce the same eflect as the mixture obtamed in accordance with this present inyention, inasmuch as the naphthalene will lnvarlably cause incomplete combustion and deposits of carbon.

Although the crude oil and shale oil distillates combined with light petroleum hydrocarbons and light aromatic hydrocarbons, are available as such for the operation of internal combustion engines, they still suffer .from the disadvantage that the combustion products have a disagreeable odor, presumably due to the presence of certain sulfur compounds. For eliminating these undesirable components, the prior proposition has been made to treat such oils with sulfuric acid, and to subject them to a subsequent treatment with lime, for the purpose of removing the sulfuric acid and the components containing sulfur. Experience has shown, however, that only the sulfur compounds suspended in the oil can be eliminated by such treatment, but that such of these sulfur compounds, as are soluble in the oil, will not be acted upon by the sulfuric acid, and can not be removed. In accordance with this present invention, the said defect is eliminated by mixing a small quantity of tar oil with the crude oil and shale oil distillates, before these distillates are mixed with the light petroleum hydrocarbons and the light, aromatic hydrocarbons, the mixtures being thereupon subjected to the treatment with sulfuric acid, and subsequently to the treatment with lime. The tar oil dissolves the substances containing sulfur, thereby making them subject to the action of the sulfuric acid. They are then removed by the subsequent treatment with sulfuric acid and lime, and the disagreeable odor of the combustion products will-consequently completely disappear. Such addition of tar oil to such hydrocarbons, for the aforesaid purpose, has heretofore been unknown, and the effect thereby produced is absolutely novel.

The quantity of the light, aromatic hydrocarbons, used for producing the mixture of the distillates with the light petroleum hydrocarbons, varies in each individual case, and amounts, as a general'rule, to from 5 to 20 per cent. The amount of the light petroleum hydrocarbon (gasolene), whose whose specific gravity may range between 0.63 and 0.72, must be such as to produce a finished mixture of about 0.76 specific gravity. Tar oil having'a specific gravity of about 0.9 to 1.2 is available for removing the compounds containing sulfur.

In cases, where it appears expedient to do so, the petroleum and shale oil distillates may be redistilled, after having been subjected to the treatment with tar oil, sulfuric acid and lime.

For the practical application of the process, the following method, for instance, may be followed: The original material is a distillate of crude oil (petroleum), or a shale oil distillate, of about 0.7 9 to 0.83 specific gravity, and contains about 2 to 3 per cent. sulfur. To this distillate are added 1 to 2 per cent. tar oil'of 1.11 specific gravity, and the mixture is treated with 1 per cent. sulfuric acid of the grade for technical purposes. The mixture is stirred up for from 5 to 10 minutes, preferably with steam, and allowed to stand about 24 hours, for settling. The said liquid is then separated from the precipitate by decanting, and treated with from 3 to 5 per cent. lime, for-eliminating the sulfur. The lime is put into the decanted oil, and slaked in the presence of the oil with a quantity of water just suflicient for slaking it completely. When the reaction has been completed, the mixture is thoroughly stirred up and allowed to settle for about 12 hours. It is expedient to add to the distillate an additional admixture of 0.1 per cent. oil of bitter almonds and 0.5 to 1 per cent. sulfuric acid. The mixture is then stirred for ten minutes, allowed to stand for about four hours, and decanted. This will make the combustion of the mixture still more uniform. The oil is subsequentl clarified, preferably by treating it with s aked lime. The lime is to be used immediately after slaking, a'. 6. before it Having thus described my invention, I

claim:

1. A process for the production of fuel oil for internal combustion engines from distillation products of crude oils combined with light hydrocarbons which consists in first combining the distillates of said crude oils with a smallpercentage of tar oil, this combination being effected in the presence of a small percentage of sulfuric acid, and then combining the last noted combination with gasolene in the presence of a light aromatic hydrocarbon.

2. A process for the production of fuel oil for internal combustion engines from distillation products of crude oil,- petroleum or shale oil in combination with light hydrocarbons in which said crude oil, petroleum or shale oil is combinedwith a small percentage of tar oil in the presence of a small percentage of sulfuric acid, and the last noted combination being then combined with gasolene in the presence of alight aromatic hydrocarbon.

3. A process for the production of fuel oil for internal combustion engines from distillation products of crude oil, petroleum or shale oil in combination with light hydrocarbons, in which the said crude oil, petroleum or shale oil is combined with about 1 to 2 per cent. of tar oil in the presence of 1 per cent. sulfuric acid, the said combination being then combined with gasolene in the presence of a light aromatic hydrocarbon, the latter being added in proportions offrom 5 to 20 per cent.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in presence of two subscribing witnesses:

ROMOLO DE FAZI. Witnesses:

Drums NARnoNIs, TOMMASO BARTOLUZZI. 

